Bronze is an alloy made up of 80% – 96% copper. To this are added other materials such as zinc, phosphor, silicon depending on the properties required.


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  1. The mould, clay, registration and pouring hole for the wax.
  2. The silicon – smoothed with washing up liquid.
  3. Plaster
  4. The waxes, out of the silicon mould, ready to clean upCups and sprues added and the first coat of ceramic shell
  5. Fully coated in ceramic shell, about ten coats applied, an hour apart. Two without silica, two fine and the others coarse
  6. The bottom of the cup is chopped of and the wax melted out
  7. Small cracks are repaired with silica and then the shell is reheated before the pour
  8. The pour
  9. The silica needs to be knocked then sandblasted off. The bronze needs to be fettled = cleaned up and spare bronze recycled.
  10. Propane – black dye patina and wax added.
  11. The finished piece with the frame.

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I have resisted bronze until now, worrying about the weight of history it carries and the fact it is so often overused – an automatic ‘go-to’ to add perceived value, whether or not the material is appropriate or needed.  But last year, in the midst of political upheaval and threatened identity, I felt the need to make a series of handheld objects to hold on to and they needed to be heavy.  I made them in clay and cast them in various materials such as plaster and concrete, but none gave me the feeling of dead weight I was looking for.  And so, finally, to bronze.  Over the years I have visited foundries, been walked through the process, discussed  and even judged bronze awards, always looking for artists who will bring a new perspective.  But as with all these things, it is never the same as doing it yourself, and the A-N Artist bursary has given me a fantastic opportunity to consider where this laden material might fit within my practice.


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Plain bronze colour is pale pink to yellow, depending on the type of bronze used.  A patina is simply a dye or chemical reaction added, with heat, to the surface to change the colour.  It is then sealed with a wax or varnish to preserve the colour.  If left alone bronze gradually, and over many years, develops a dark green and/or red patina, as seen on this Early Iron Age bronze  Horse Cheekpiece from the Lorestan Province of Iran.


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